![]() ![]() Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) sequences were purchased from PNABio (Newbury Park, CA). Anti-FLAG monoclonal antibodies were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. A 1× stock solution of Tris-EDTA buffer was prepared containing 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) and 1 mM EDTA. A 1× stock solution of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was prepared containing 10 mM sodium hydrogen phosphate, 2.7 mM potassium chloride, 137 mM sodium chloride, and 1.76 mM potassium phosphate (pH = 7.4). Tobramycin sulfate (USP grade) was obtained from Gold BioTechnology, Inc. 6-Mercapto-1-hexanol (MCH) and tris(2-carboxyethyl)- phosphine (TCEP) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (Tris), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), sodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). Thus, motivated, we describe here an open-source, multiplatform software supporting the real-time analysis of high-volume electrochemical data. Finally, to appeal to a broad userbase, the software should have a well-documented standard operating procedure (SOP) containing detailed instructions regarding customization to new applications. To ensure broad application, the software should support the analysis of data originating from a diverse set of commercial potentiostats (e.g., CH Instruments, Gamry, Metrohm) employed in single, multichannel, or multiplexed configurations. (10) We believe there is thus a need for the creation and open exchange of efficient software platforms that support the real-time analysis of high-volume electrochemical data.Ī software framework for the analysis of electrochemical measurements would ideally be based on (1) an open-source computer language compatible with the three major personal computer operating systems (i.e., Microsoft Windows, Apple macOS, and Linux) (2) a modular design easily customizable to a wide range of electroanalytical applications and (3) an intuitive graphical user interface (GUI) providing the ability to dynamically control key processing parameters in real time. This is problematic in academic laboratories where the requisite financial and software development resources are often scarce. Unfortunately, however, commercial software for the analysis of such data are expensive (9) and cannot be customized without specialized programming skills. (3,4) Following this, other emerging electrochemical technologies, including electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) sensors, have been reported that support real-time measurements of, for example, plasma drug levels with seconds- or even subsecond time resolution (5−8) over the course of hours, producing exceedingly large data volumes. (1) An example is the continuous glucose sensor, (2) which requires software able to process measurements performed several times a minute over the course of weeks. The advances in electrochemical sensing over the last 2 decades have created a need for software platforms capable of analyzing large, dynamic data sets in real time. To demonstrate the versatility of SACMES we use it here to analyze the real-time data output by (1) the electrochemical, aptamer-based measurement of a specific small-molecule target, (2) a monoclonal antibody-detecting DNA-scaffold sensor, and (3) the determination of the folding thermodynamics of an electrode-attached, redox-reporter-modified protein. The program, which we have called Software for the Analysis and Continuous Monitoring of Electrochemical Systems (SACMES), also includes a graphical interface allowing the user to easily change analysis parameters (e.g., signal/noise processing, baseline correction) in real-time. The software’s architecture is modular and fully documented, allowing the easy customization of the code to support the processing of voltammetric (e.g., square-wave and cyclic) and chronoamperometric data. In support of the need for such systems to rapidly process large data volumes, we describe here an open-source, easily customizable, multiplatform compatible program for the real-time control, processing, and visualization of electrochemical data. This is evident in the ever-increasing number of health-related electrochemical sensing platforms, ranging from single-measurement point-of-care devices to wearable devices supporting immediate and continuous monitoring. ![]() ![]() Electrochemical sensors are major players in the race for improved molecular diagnostics due to their convenience, temporal resolution, manufacturing scalability, and their ability to support real-time measurements. ![]()
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